Tobacco Use Essay Research Paper Comparative forms free essay sample

Tobacco Use Essay, Research Paper Near signifiers of baccy use In 1492 local Indians were smoking moved up baccy foliages. In the sixteenth century baccy smoking spread to Europe. By the late 1800 baccy rung in paper called casket nails were a significant industry with one million millions being sold every twelvemonth. Today there are numerous stocks that contain baccy. Cigarettes and snuff are the most well known available. Cigarettes comprise of baccy abounded in reports that are seasoned, and some with channels. Snuff that comprises of meagerly slashed regular baccy air stuffed in holders to chew. Numerous pioneers of the baccy business presently can't seem to region that baccy is a compelling medication. In any case, in the public eye today it is extremely advantageous to purchase baccy. With final resting place nail s an individual can whiff and breathe in their lungs with smoke, and snuff an individual must place in their oral pits between your underside lip and gum. We will compose a custom paper test on Tobacco Use Essay Research Paper Comparative structures or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Both are ingested into your circulation system and can affect your natural structure in various manners. The two usages of baccy make unwritten captured advancement to the clients. Such unwritten captured improvements are so directing they can harm your natural structure. With casket nails it influences your lungs and pharynx. With snuff it influences your oral depression, gums and pharynx. Both can do terrible bre ath. Both can recolor your fingers and teeth the shading yellow. Both can do early maturing. Tobacco smoke can take to dangerous neoplastic infection in numerous pieces of the natural structure, yet non shockingly a large portion of the mischief it does to the lungs. Biting baccy can take to dangerous neoplastic illness of the lips and oral pit. Most final resting place nail vapor would wish to accept they could shield themselves from dangerous neoplastic infection just by using a holder or by trading to channel tipped cigarrettes, stogie or a funnel. Shockingly they cant. Biting baccy is surprisingly more terrible. The clients of this accept only in light of the fact that they are non breathing in it that they are protected as acceptable. They are non. Two picks of baccy utilization you breathe in smoke or chew baccy the impacts are as yet horrible. Both can do disfiguration to the face, pharynx, and lungs. With final resting place nail smoking your pharynx can be seriously harmed with the inside dividers of your pharynx being deprived of its covering. Your lungs start to be loaded up with baccy pitch that will stifle your outside breath and can do horrible hacking. Snuff your oral depression and lower jaw can become dim and will hold to be expelled. Regardless of whether you smoke or bite tobacco both are well long haul unwellness s that lead to reliance. Albeit one can take to expire quicker, the two of them each piece harm your health and natural structure.

Philosophy Essays - Ancient Greek Philosophers, Dialogues Of Plato

Reasoning Essays - Ancient Greek Philosophers, Dialogs Of Plato Reasoning At the point when I was conceived, I didn't have the foggiest idea about the contrast among good and bad. Presently, I do. The word theory implies the affection for information. One sort of information is propter quid, which ask the inquiry for what valid reason or how. In this paper, I will show how Socrates, Hume and Aristotle, three notable savants, would clarify how I procured this information comparable to the standards of good and bad. Socrates is the main thinker, I will examine. Since Socrates didn't record anything, Socrates believing is told through his understudy, Plato, who composed his educators? considerations. Socrates is a dreamer who accepts that things are in conceived. Therefor he accepted that before we are brought into the world our spirit knows it all, yet when we are brought into the world our brain is a plain rasa (clear record). As we develop step by step, we remember the information from our spirit. ? the spirit, that is, the human psyche, before it is joined with the body, is aquatinted with the comprehensible world or the universe of Forms. In this earlier presence, the genuine information. After its association with a human body, a person?s mind contains its information somewhere down in its memory. Genuine information in this world comprises of recollecting, in memory or then again memory. What the brain or soul once knew is raised to introduce mindfulness by a procedure of memory helped by the procedure of vernacular or the Socratic strategy. (Stumpf 260) This is known as the hypothesis of memory. The hypothesis of memory is told through Plato in the Phaedo and the Meno. In the hypothesis of memory Socrates? answer to the conundrum is that information is memory. This proposition permits a man to have thoughts of which he later gets cognizant by memory; in this way conquering the sharp division between not-knowing and knowing, and supporting request. (Sternfeld, 35) Socrates states in the Meno A man can't ask about what he knows, since he knows it, and all things considered he is in no need of request, nor again can he ask about what he doesn't have the foggiest idea, since he doesn't have the foggiest idea what he is to ask. (Plato 80E) This hypothesis of memory may clarify why we regularly state that we had certain information before we inclined it or heard it for the first time. It is regularly said that we are brought into the world with ideas and it is these ideas that structure our psyches, convictions, and activities. In his discourse entitled the Meno, Plato represents how Socrates can show that even a youthful uneducated slave kid knows a few facts of geometry not on the grounds that someone instructed him that subject but since be normally knows the relationship of different plans to one another. (Stumpf 260) This statement represents how Socrates imagined that the uneducated kid knew geometry. He remembered it from his spirit. In the Meno, Socrates expresses that the kid is recouping without anyone else information inside oneself. (Plato 85D) Knowledge in the Meno is seen as having an colleague with the article, however not knowing how it capacities. Socrates states here that genuine information is that is learned. When learned, we recall that information and apply it when required. This should be possible through memory or memory. As an event emerges that requires the utilization of this information, we can utilize the capacities of our mind and recall the information for the condition. I decipher Socrates to imply that I was brought into the world with an information on good and bad, however I expected to understanding circumstances where I expected to review this information. He makes reference to the underlying information being in the spirit. Hume is the second thinker I will talk about. Hume?s convictions are not quite the same as Socrates. Hume accepts that we were brought into the world knowing nothing, and everything is found out. He feels that as we develop, we become familiar with the contrast between good and bad from our encounters. The current originates from the faculties and the past is in our memory. Hume shows how information starts structure the encounters we experience through our five detects. It is said of Hume ?it is the utilization he makes of the guideline or the relationship of thoughts, which goes into the vast majority of his reasoning. The standard of affiliation

Gadolinium-based Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesis

Gadolinium-based Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesis SAMRAT MAZUMDAR Unique Malignant growth is by a long shot one of the most testing sicknesses for a considerable length of time. In the US, it represents over a million passings every year and is relied upon to ascend in the coming future. Subsequently, there is imperative need to create novel systems, which can help in fighting the ailment at any level. Metallic nanoparticles present a fascinating perspective, which can work as both restorative and demonstrative specialists because of their interesting properties. The fundamental intention of the proposed work is advancement of gadolinium based attractive nanoparticles, trailed by their surface functionalization which may improve imaging and focusing on results. Doped Gadolinium nanoparticles will be set up by co-precipitation strategy for ideal attractive properties. The blended particles will be exposed to functionalization with reasonable gathering for explicit objective in nature for disease cells. Eventually,â in-vitroâ studies will be completed to approve the hyperthermia impact on malignant growth cells. 1. Presentation Outline In spite of the fact that, it is hard to characterize malignant growth, however in basic terms, it is a gathering of related infections which is portrayed by uncontrolled cell multiplication and spread, for the most part because of loss of control in the phone cycle (Pã ©rez-Herrero and Fernã ¡ndez-Medarde, 2015). The most normally identified malignancies are lung disease, bosom disease and skin malignant growth, and so forth. An assortment of elements adds to the ailment movement, for example, hereditary changes, diseases and presentation to cancer-causing agents. As a rule, disease is identified/analyzed by different strategies like, blood tests, X-beam imaging, Computed Tomography (CT) examining and Endoscopy and so forth. Traditional treatment systems incorporate medical procedure, chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Be that as it may, they have various confinements particularly portion related reactions and poisonousness (Brigger et al., 2002). Right now, analysts are lookin g towards more up to date moves toward which are specific, non-intrusive, non-poisonous and powerful. These endeavors are directed to the improvement of test malignant growth treatments. These improves the restoring rate as well as, go about as an enhancement to the regular treatments. In any case, it is still right on time to express that these options can totally supplant the current treatment procedures and its viability in clinical settings, are yet to be resolved. Elective methodologies incorporate Gene treatment (Vile et al., 2000), Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) (Dougherty et al., 1998), Hyperthermia (Urano, 1999) ,Targeted Nano-drugs (Xu et al., 2015). As of late, a huge measure of research is being completed in the field of hyperthermia because of empowering results and its potential for altogether brought down harmfulness. Hyperthermia â€Å"Hyperthermia† is an old strategy which is presently recovering fame in the field of oncology (Seegenschmiedt and Vernon, 1995). It includes the utilization of warmth vitality to hoist the temperature inside a tumor tissue and in this way execute the malignant growth cells. The ideal temperature extend for hyperthermia is 42â °-44 °C which is, more noteworthy than the physiological temperature (Wust et al., 2002).There is an assortment of components overseeing the viability of hyperthermia which incorporates warm factors, gadget attributes, recurrence, current and tumor morphology (Valdagni et al., 1988). At temperatures underneath 41 °C, blood stream increments while tissue oxygenation increments above 41 °C giving a double impact against tumor. When temperatures are expanded above 42.5 °C-43 °C, the presentation time can be divided for each 1 °C ascent to give a comparable warming proficiency nonetheless, unnecessary warming ought to be stayed away from. Th e warming gadget utilized for hyperthermia ought to be adaptable, agreeable also fit for displaying uniform warming examples. The applied frequencies may extend from 5-500 KHz (Lacroix et al., 2008) while a current of around 100-800A may be adequate for warming. Studies recommend that extended tumor with poor vasculature may be progressively vulnerable to warm treatment (Kim et al., 1982). Hyperthermia has a radiosensitizing impact which can be profitable in mix with radiotherapy since most radioresistant cells are heat touchy. Arrangement of Hyperthermia Direct warming/Extracellular strategy Heat is applied by methods for outside sources, for example, thermostatic water shower, infrared sauna and ultrasound. This methodology is constrained by the nearness of organic obstructions which is answerable for protection. Subsequently, abundance heat is required to accomplish a similar which can trigger reactions (consumes, dying). Backhanded warming/Intracellular technique †Provides a more secure and successful methods through the infusion of nanoparticles followed by their disguise (Ningthoujam et al., 2012).Ex. Attractive hyperthermia. System of Hyperthermia Essentially, hyperthermia incite apoptosis, corruption or autophagy through various pathways to cells (Hurwitz and Stauffer, 2014). Reports recommend that it can convey a higher measure of oxygen into the hypoxic tumor area through changes in blood perfusion. For the most part, tumor cells express lower centralization of Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) in contrast with ordinary cells. Along these lines, HSP-peptide complex levels can be expanded essentially by the utilization of hyperthermia, further prompting enemy of tumor invulnerability reaction (Kobayashi et al., 2014). Attractive Hyperthermia So as to keep harm to encompassing solid tissues from the hyperthermia impact, nanoparticles ought to be kept to a characterized territory (tumor locale). These are accomplished through focusing of nanoparticles by functionalization and use of attractive fields to indicated areas (Baã ±obre-Lã ³pez et al., 2013). Metallic attractive nanoparticles affected by wavering attractive field experience a change in attractive second credited to Neel and Brownian variances. These changes are answerable for heat age through contact, which may be compelling in harming the disease cells. Restrictions of Magnetic Hyperthermia There are specialized issues which may go about as a hindrance towards viable treatment. The two principle viewpoints incorporate uniform warmth dispersion and wanted objective temperature (Brusentsova et al., 2005). Treatment may be a disappointment in the event of inadequate warm portion .There are no very much characterized techniques used to assess the temperature conveyance in the objective region in any case, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be utilized to create a temperature profile relating to hyperthermia. X-ray can likewise be useful in following the arrival of medication from a detailing (Tashjian et al., 2008). X-ray Contrast Agents In the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) framework, the majority of the attractive materials (iron based materials) go about as T2 differentiate specialists which offer ascent to obscured picture/negative complexity. In this manner, this is mode is valuable for following reason. In any case, there are a couple of inconveniences which limit their ease of use in clinical settings. Right off the bat, the dull pictures joined by low sign power may frequently prompt misdiagnosis and besides, the huge attractive vulnerability can deliver MRI antiques making it progressively hard to decide the specific condition of the injury or harm. T1 differentiate specialists (Gadolinium, Manganese) give a more brilliant sign, which can be effortlessly seen in the MRI because of their paramagnetic nature which don't disturb the attractive homogeneity (Gallo and Long, 2015). Through nanotechnology, it is additionally conceivable to all the while complete imaging and medication conveyance further, conqueri ng the confinements presented by the regular framework. 2. Theory/Rationale The paramagnetic Gadolinium shows fantastic MRI imaging abilities which can be abused for a few purposes and has high attractive second. Because of its constrained between nuclear collaborations, it can't create hyperthermia. We estimate that by adjusting the properties of gadolinium, it might fill a double need for example hyperthermia and imaging. Besides, these particles can be labeled with different focusing on moieties or stacked with hostile to malignant growth medications to expand the adequacy of the treatment. 3. Destinations Based on above foundation, the destinations are as per the following. Blend and Optimization of Gadolinium-based ferrite nanoparticles. Surface adjustment of arranged nanoparticles. Folate conjugation to the adjusted surface covering. Enhancement of hyperthermia Portrayal and in-vitro examines 4. Plan of work 4.1 Synthesis and Optimization of Gadolinium-based ferrite nanoparticles Gadolinium based ferrite nanoparticles will be blended utilizing appropriate systems, for example, substance co-precipitation technique and enhanced. 4.2 Surface adjustment of arranged nanoparticles Surface adjustment will be done by layer by layer (LBL) amalgamation. 4.3 Folate conjugation to the adjusted surface covering Since most malignant growth cells overexpress folate receptor, folic corrosive will be conjugated to nanoparticles through amine functionalization. 4.4 Optimization of hyperthermia The procedure will be streamlined by observing the parameters influencing it. 4.5 Characterization and in-vitro contemplates 4.5.1 Characterization The created nanoparticle will be portrayed by the accompanying strategies. Molecule size examination - Zetasizer. Concoction Composition assurance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Basic and Crystalline examination X-beam Diffraction design. Surface Morphology-Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy. Attractive Property Testing-Vibrating Sample Magnetometry. 4.5.2 In vitro examinations Cytotoxicity examines †MTT Assay will be performed to survey the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of nanoparticles. In-vitro hyperthermia concentrates with malignancy cell lines Cell take-up considers Performed utilizing Transmission electron microscopy and Electron Dispersive X-

The Devil On Your Shoulder - Literature Essay Samples

Christopher Marlowe’s play entitled, Doctor Faustus, tells the story of a curious and ambitious man who has grown tired of focusing on all of the traditional areas of study, and wishes to learn something less known by others. Faustus is intrigued by magic, and after convincing his friends to teach him the black arts, he is able to summon a devil, known as Mephastophilis. In exchange for 24 years of servitude from this devil, Faustus is told he must sell his soul to Lucifer and face death as soon as the years have been served. Throughout the play, Faustus struggles with being overcome by his overwhelming desire to obtain knowledge of dark magic and hold power that he did not have before, while also feeling remorse and the need to repent as the Good Angel and the Bad Angel both guide him in different directions, even though the evil within him eventually wins out. As humans we are constantly torn between what is right and wrong, and overcome by both good and evil, which makes Fa ustus a more human-like and relatable character who grapples with choosing the right path that can eventually dictate one’s future once turning back is too late. Although the Good Angel and the Evil Angel are both physical characters within the play, they both serve to further represent the divided nature that is not only within Faustus, but within all people as the choices we make in life are guided by both our desires and our morals, while we face consequences accordingly. In Marlowe’s play, the Good Angel often tries to steer Faustus away from being drawn to anything that could threaten his relationship with God, and his ability to seek salvation. When Faustus encourages his friends to teach him about magic and the black arts, the Good Angel tells him to â€Å"lay that damned book aside, and heap God’s heavy wrath upon thy head† (1.70-72). The moral conscience within Faustus is warning him about venturing over to the dark side, as he clearly has some reservations deep down about going through with his goal. Understanding the power of what he has unleashed, Faustus momentarily decides to quit his misdoings, as the Good Angel encourages him to â€Å"repent, yet God will pity thee† (5.188). Regardless of his thirst for dark knowledge and power beyond others, Faustus still has good that exists within him that conflicts with his immoral tendencies. When Faustus questions whether or not it is too late to return back to God and as k for forgiveness, the Good Angel assures him that it is â€Å"never too late, if [he] will repent† (5.253). Although his inclinations toward evil have drawn him in, Faustus seems to wonder if it is the right path. Faustus’ dark side may have a stronger hold on him, but his morality still questions his decisions throughout the course of the play. Many times in the play, Faustus is intrigued by his potential to invoke evil and dark abilities, as he tries to quiet the good within him that tells him to turn back. When Faustus is deciding between selling his soul to Lucifer or reclaiming his faith in God, the Evil Angel reminds him to â€Å"think of honor and wealth† (5.21). Faustus is unsure of which path to take, but his longing for power and recognition seem to weigh more heavily than his need for salvation, although he does stop to question whether his dark deeds are worth it. Once Faustus becomes seemingly resolute in his decision to ask for God’s forgiveness, the Evil Angel demands that he â€Å"shall never repent† (5.193). Faustus is torn between which way to go, and his desires and his conscience pull him in different directions. Part of him wants to turn to God, while the other, and stronger, part of him wants to continue with what he has started. Filled with eventual regret and fear of losing Godâ⠂¬â„¢s favor, Faustus wishes to take it all back, but the Evil Angel tells him it is â€Å"too late. If thou repent, devils shall tear thee in pieces† (5.252,254). The evil voice in Faustus’ head speaks louder than the moral one, as he ignores the doubt that he is feeling. Unsure of which way to go, Faustus stays on his dark path, which seems easier than undoing his wrongs that he may subconsciously think are too late to right as he finds himself getting caught deeper and deeper in dark endeavors. Faustus feels inside that he has gone too far, and his soul has passed the point of repentance. Both the Good Angel and the Evil Angel in the play help to resemble the divided nature of Faustus’ mind, while also demonstrating the divided nature that is within all of us, as we struggle to decide which voice inside ourselves to listen to. As he deeply contemplates selling his soul to Lucifer in exchange for Mephastophilis’ servitude and access to his dark desires, Faustus battles with his own thoughts as he tells himself, â€Å"‘be resolute; why waverest thou? O, something soundeth in mine ears; â€Å"Abjure this magic, turn to God again’† (5. 5-7). Faustus is a relatable character in this scene as his indecision and doubt prevent him from knowing which path to choose. His desires and his morals are conflicting, as many times in life we find that what we want is not always what is good for us. The Good Angel and the Evil Angel come into the scene following Faustus’ voicing of his reservations, and both try to persuade him in different dir ections, resembling the divided way in which his mind guides his actions and tries to work through decisions. When reading books about the dark arts, Faustus declares to his devil, â€Å"when I behold the heavens, then I repent, and curse thee, wicked Mephastophilis, because thou hast deprived me of those joys† (5. 176-178). Faustus is deeply intrigued by the dark arts and the ability to seek out other forms of knowledge not accessible to others, but he also has a sense of goodness in his heart and a feeling of remorse as his morality sets in. The Good Angel and the Evil Angel enter into the scene again to discuss whether or not Faustus should repent, as Faustus has dark desires he wants to fulfill, but also has a fear of turning his back on God (5. 188-189). We all make decisions in life where we have conflicting voices in the back of our minds telling us what to do, and there is going to be some days where we listen to the darker one and pay the consequences, and days where the good wins out. Despite the Good Angel of his mind telling him to turn back to God and repent, Faustus gets his consequence of eternal damnation after the 24 years of servitude have been completed by Mephastophilis. Although Faustus had many chances to undo his wrongs and look to God for forgiveness, it is hard to not feel bad for him as he finally realizes the permanence of the choice he has made. His will is divided by both good and evil, which is a realistic and human-like portrayal of a character trying to figure out which way to go, as we all have opposing forces in our heads that do not always agree. No matter how badly the evil forces in Faustus’ head cause him to wish to submit himself to Lucifer, the good side of him questions his decision constantly. People are rarely all evil, nor all good, and Faustus is a character who embodies both, as most people do. Christopher Marlowe’s play, Doctor Faustus, successfully displays a character who embodies the divided nature and will that is within most of us. Faustus continually makes decisions based on the devil on his shoulder, but he constantly doubts himself. Whether it is his strong desire to gain power and knowledge that he seeks from selling his soul, or his fear that it is too late to turn back, Faustus stays on the path of following Lucifer, rather than looking to God for salvation, even when he faces doubts. Although the Good Angel and the Evil Angel are both physical characters in the play, they appear in scenes only when Faustus has second thoughts about submitting to the devil. These two characters further resemble and bring to the life the divided will of Faustus as their arguing lines back and forth reveal the tendency for humans to be both good and evil, as we have to choose between right and wrong to find the correct path. Faustus eventually finds himself submitted to ete rnal damnation, when the power of the choice that he has made brings a dark consequence.

Plato s Allegory Of Cave - 1979 Words

Janeva Walters December 6, 2016 Dr. T. Brady ENG 391 Plato’s Allegory of Cave The allegory of the cave is regarded as one of the most reputed and acclaimed works by the Greek philosopher Plato in modern literature as well as philosophy. First published and presented in his work known as a Republic (514a–520a), the dialogues that have been used as conversation can be regarded as fictitious as the main conversation takes place between Plato’s brother Glaucon and Socrates. First and foremost, allegorical writing is a type of writing that has two sets of meanings, one which can be assumed as literal and the other one is allegorical. Although this piece was written long before my time, the underlying message it intends to convey is still relevant today. Our society is trapped in a cave. To begin with, the literal meaning is the content or subject matter, whereas, the allegorical meaning is one which can only be understood by developing a greater sense of understanding regarding symbols and metaphors that have been used in the writing. In this work, Plato symbolized the existence of the world as a cave. The cave is very dark and people that are in it can hardly see anything (Bachelors and Masters, 2016). Also, inside the cave are people who are held captive with chains tied to their neck and feet, which makes their movement extremely difficult and virtually impossible. At the same time, Plato also talks about the world that lies outside the cave. However, between these twoShow MoreRelatedPlato s Allegory Of The Cave1716 Words   |  7 PagesIn Plato’s, Allegory of the cave, a key theory I found was the importance of education. Plato uses an â€Å"allegory to illustrate the dilemma facing the psyche in the ascent to knowledge of the imperishable and unchanging forms† (104) Based on my research of the republic, the allegory can reveal multiple hidden messages. Plato describes, ordinary mortals are chained within an underground chamber, which according to Fiero, represents the psyche imprisoned within the human body. These mortals can’t lookRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1814 Words   |  8 PagesIn Plato’s, â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, a key t heory I found was the importance of gaining knowledge. Plato uses an â€Å"allegory to illustrate the dilemma facing the psyche in the ascent to knowledge of the imperishable and unchanging forms† (Fiero, 104). Based on my research of the Republic, the allegory can reveal multiple hidden messages. Plato describes in the Allegory, ordinary mortals who are chained within an underground chamber, which according to Fiero, represents the psyche imprisoned within theRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1379 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen in a cave? Caves are dark, cold, and often times dangerous. People who lose their source of light in a cave often face death from physical injury or hypothermia, unless otherwise rescued. The Greek philosopher Plato illustrated the difference between reality and illusion through a story about prisoners who lived their entire existence in a cave. Plato tells the â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† as a conversation between Socrates, his mentor, and Glauc on, one of Socrates’ students. Plato’s allegory of theRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagescondition impressed by an image can sometimes like as a flame, spreading throughout other discourses for long after its initial kindling. Such is the case with Plato s allegory of the cave, which has for over 2,500 years inspired significant contributions to theorizations of truth. Despite the age of Plato s work, the truth in the allegory is demonstrated by its own universality; as a formative piece of literature, the story acts as a gateway into Western discourses of truth. Truth remains an elusiveRead MorePlato s The Allegory Of The Cave1965 Words   |  8 PagesIn this paper I shall argue for Socrates’ notion in the Allegory of the Cave, saying that the purpose of education is not to place knowledge to the mind where there was none, but instead to recognise the already underlying existence of such insight inside the mind, and to help d ivert the ones in need of teaching onto the correct path to find and retrieve such knowledge. Plato in his time was a dedicated student of Socrates, so most of Socrates â€Å"logos† and concepts heavily influenced Plato’s futureRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave910 Words   |  4 Pagesnature within them to reach their potential. Allegory is to reveal a hidden meaning, normally a moral, based on fictional stories. Plato Allegory of the Cave reminds us that the theory of Forms is real and suggests that the one with the empirical science would share his mind with the commoner in society. We must grasp the complex different types of Forms – opinion, knowledge and beauty really meant for Plato. In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, Plato talks about dualism, mind (soul) and body. InRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesflesh to satisfy the god (Ahmed 2010). All of these civilizations were interactive with their environment, but imagine if one knew only of the reality they believed inside of a cave not experiencing e vents within the real world. In Plato’s, Allegory of the Cave, he describes the scenario of prisoners kept isolated in a cave left to come up with a reality that they comprehended with the images that they saw in front of them. This applies especially to politics, because people are left to decipherRead MoreAnalyzing Plato s Allegory Of The Cave874 Words   |  4 PagesI’ll be analyzing Plato’s Allegory of the Cave through my own interpretation. An allegory is defined as â€Å"a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.† In Plato’s Republic the short excerpt The Allegory of the Cave can be viewed through multiple perspectives. Plato’s image of the cave is known as the â€Å"theory of forms†¦ The theory assumes the existence of a level of reality inhabited by ideal â€Å"forms† of all things and concepts (Revelations:Read MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Ess ay1842 Words   |  8 Pagesto find pieces about importance of our ego as well. Plato is one of the most important philosophers in western history. That brings us a question, why ego is such significant for both western and eastern philosophers and religious works? Sigmund Freud, who carried on Plato’s thinking on humanity and our society, pointed out what Plato has vaguely discussed about that the significance and impact the ego has on us. In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, what the prisoners are actually experiencing the fightRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1217 Words   |  5 Pagesthe other persons and sometimes that can get a little out of hand, depending on who you are dealing with. I guess the major point in all this is to never judge a book by its cover, always learn yourself. In Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, there are these prisoners that live in a cave and have never seen any natural sunlight. They can only see shadows of things displayed on the wall by the light coming from the fire. The prisoners get happy and interested by the shadows they see. The shadows could

Child Abuse And Spousal Abuse - 828 Words

A term that is quite often used in today’s society is family violence, more specifically child abuse and spousal abuse. A term that is not heard often is elder abuse, which is unfortunate due to the fact that it is a fairly common occurrence. It was estimated that in 2009, one in ten elderly Americans were victims of elder abuse within the previous year (Acierno, 2010). Even though elder abuse is prevalent here in America, it is seldom that this phenomenon is actually discussed. According to the National Center on Elder Abuse, there are seven types of elder abuse: physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, financial exploitation, neglect, self-neglect, and abandonment† (Fischer, 2012, p. 102). â€Å"The American Medical Association defines elder abuse and/or neglect as ‘an act of commission or omission that results in harm or threatened harm to the health or welfare of an older adult’ whether intentional or unintentional† (Read, 2016, p. 32). In the 1950’s, â€Å"public welfare officials were faced with an increasing number of older persons who were unable to manage on their own and began to develop a new approach to providing services, which they called ‘protective service units’† (Bonnie Wallace, 2003, p. 238). Due to their interest, â€Å"Congress passed legislation, as part of the Social Security Act, providing funds to the states† (Bonnie Wallace, 2003, p. 239) in order to set up these protective service units. â€Å"In 1974, Congress amended the Social Security Act,Show MoreRelatedIn America, Family Violence Such As Child Abuse And Spousal1327 Words   |  6 PagesIn America, family violence such as child abuse and spousal abuse which is mostly against women has been known to be a silent crime. There has been a high percentage of cases against women and an estimated one half of all child abuse cases have been unreported (Pepler, 1989). In the late twentieth century, feminist gr oups began a campaign to accomplish a goal to eliminate family violence by changing people’s realization to conclude that no victim should leave a crime unsaid .in addition, twenty-eightRead MoreBattered Woman Syndrome As A Defense852 Words   |  4 Pagesrecognizing this syndrome, the courts will accept a victim’s plea of â€Å"Battered Woman Syndrome† as a valid defence after killing their abusive spouse. According to the Domestic Abuse Shelter, â€Å"In today s society, Batteringâ€Å" is the single major cause of injury to women, exceeding rapes, muggings and auto accidents combined (Domestic Abuse Shelter - A New Beginning). In multiple cases, death threats have been made, causing victims to believe they are on their own without help from our justice system. ThisRead MoreDomestic Violence : Spousal Abuse1564 Words   |  7 Pages Domestic Violence: Spousal Abuse Suleman Masood California State University, Fresno â€Æ' Domestic violence in a relationship (specifically spousal abuse) has continuously been a perplex issue in a functional society that has been deliberately overlooked and often ignored in a society. According to Criminology: Theory, Research and Policy, intimate partner abuse (spousal abuse) is defined as â€Å"abuse that occurs between current or former heterosexual or homosexual intimates. It includes physical,Read MoreDoes Spousal Abuse Have Permanent Effects?1259 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 111 17 September, 2014 Does Spousal Abuse have permanent Effects? Imagine running down the street, with the bare minimum clothing, bleeding rapidly and you do not know where you are going. You feel like you have no one to go to or call, what can you do? Although domestic violence has been around for centuries, it was not until the advent of the woman’s movement about 25 years ago that the issue began receiving serious attention. Today, the issue of spousal abuse is the subject of countless booksRead MoreEffect of Domestic Violence on Children692 Words   |  3 Pagesdomestic abuse, spousal abuse or child abuse is recognized as a pattern of abusive behavior by one or both partners especially those in marriage. This coercive behavior is used against another person to obtain power and control over the other party in a relationship. Domestic violence takes many forms such as physical violence which includes kicking, hitting, shoving and restraining. Verbal and physical threats of sexual abuse, intimidation and emotional abuse are aspects of d omestic abuse. CriminalRead MoreEssay about Understanding and Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect1340 Words   |  6 PagesDave Pelzer, A Child Called It   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Child abuse, the physical and/or emotional abuse of a child by a parent, guardian, or other person, is a major problem in the United States. Child abuse, including sexual abuse, beating, and murder have increased and it is believed that many cases go unreported. Another for of child abuse is child neglect, which includes malnutrition, desertion, and inadequate care for a child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Efforts have increased on the primary prevention of child abuse. This must beRead MoreUnited States Legal Analysis Of The Hague Convention1411 Words   |  6 PagesWhen there is evidence that the wellbeing of a child would be endangered by a parent then sole or singular custody should be the preference over joint custody, also when there is proof that a parent has been abused and flees with a child that child should not be returned to the abusive parent. Over the years the U.S. has changed it procedure concerning grave risk of harm regarding Hague cases and found it not in the child’s best interest to be ordered to return to a domestic violence situation withoutRead More Review of The Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Depression Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesReview of The Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress for Women After Spousal Emotional Abuse† Summary This study provides a comparison of forgiveness therapy and alternative treatment in females who were exposed to spousal emotional abuse. Reed and Enright (2006) posit clients will achieve greater relief of negative psychological symptoms in long-term recovery with the use of forgiveness therapy in replacement of alternative treatments that have beenRead MoreA Thousand Splendid Suns By Khaled Hosseini1461 Words   |  6 Pagesextremely challenging as they face a lot of violence, abuse and this is present in the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini. Laila and Mariam are two women who fall victim to physical, sexual and emotional abuse during the course of the novel. This abuse is suffered at the hand of Rasheed their husband. Physical Physical abuse is present throughout the course of the novel and Laila and Mariam suffer constantly with the abuse. It starts off as one violent action that leads to anotherRead MoreJournal Article Review Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesI Lauren Pedersen Liberty University Journal Article Review Summary Spousal emotional abuse is ongoing, significant problem, impacting nearly 35% of women. Emotional abuse by a spouse or romantic partner can often lead to negative psychological outcomes, including depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, posttraumatic stress disorder, learned helplessness, and resentment of the abuser that persists even when the abuse ends. There have not been designated therapies designed to help these women

The Role of New Media free essay sample

Martin Barbero and Nestor Garcia Canclini us to understand democratization in the past decades, to make way for the research of Manuel Castells Carlos Scolari and trying to understand and form a functionalist theory of what we experience today and everyday. Keywords: Culture, Consumption, Democratization, Digital, Technology, Users, Social Networking. THE ROLE OF NEW MEDIA IN SOCIETY Since the industrial revolution had not experienced a period so hectic and full of changes in the form of human life, such as those that have occurred in the last two decades. With the rise of radio as entertainment and sales model, was created an industry that transferred the territorial and cultural barriers in the world, with its development and the arrival of the dream factory: Television. After spending time, communication theory, that suggested the process sender / message / receiver were not enough to explain what was happening with the change of habit that caused television. So researchers and students of social phenomena and media, taking into account communications and political semiotics these media generated and carry its existence. Martin Barber, after study of the media in the 70s, calls these as a tool in the service of the oligarchy that runs, meddling with governments, lack of popular participation. For the next decade, with all the changes in the regimes of South America and Europe alluding to Chile and Germany in particular is assumed, states, representing a popular role for alleged experts setting a semiotic change which examines preliminary facts communication, centralizing public opinion. Barber, in his study includes an assessment of the TV, providing the melodramas modify and control the life of society in Latin America, although this study is very lacking. As for 1987 Televicentro already crowned as one of the producers, exporters and creators of a consumption model that goes beyond the barriers of culture and centrality Barbero both studies, but then South America still lacks powers on TV Talking to were still booming TVN process, Snail, Venevision and STVC. After the state of the world, Barber (2009, p. 4) states, What comes into play now is not the imposition of an economic model, but the jump to the internationalization of a political model while neo capitalism television allows consolidation as the primary means of comunicacion. El FTA and the creation of the euro zone, leading to Garcia Canclini, match Barbero and affirm: Culture is a multinational assembly process, that any citizen anywhere in the world can read and use raising the diversification of the wo rld. He also realizes that the longer historical identity, no longer represent a generation or think what you wear, but what you eat. Affirmation that the media world takes to launch a new model in television, laying the groundwork for what we live today, for Garcia C. (1987) states that we are-Latin America-underdeveloped endogenous production (television), but not consumption-already showing that the transnational model worked perfectly, lower costs and increase profits with models such as MTV, CNN between others. After the emergence of the Internet Garcia Canclini proposes four cultural circuits, two major mass communication which includes traditional media and restricted systems, where technological devices converge with communication systems. Unexpectedly today, will require these elements to communicate, where these two items come together to bring us into a new era as consumers. Now, it may seem imperceptible to us, we come to the internet communication and new technologies. Where we are not outside, seems usual between us technology, system, their use and their codes. Carlos Scolari (2008) says: Technology becomes an object of discourse and becomes part of a cultural fabric where knowledge and power are intertwined. For 2008 this researcher is interested in knowing how to call this whole avalanche of modern digital communication, the term new technologies, not convinced by the volatility of the concept. Manuel Castells (2009), another researcher, defined to which we participate in communication technology, not consumers, because there is a maximum feedback, we called users, for interactive use we have. We create messages, responses, against answers. In text, audio and / or video. This capability named: auto mass communication. To this end put a nickname Autism mail and if, merely because there is no communication. As technology approach to those who are far, but away to those who are nearby. Castells Scolari and all I have done is put a name to our daily life in the electronic media. The company has been homogenized, it seems that e equals corporatism societies for production of mass consumption and it is necessary to belong to a networked culture. The speed of life accelerates every day, and that events and processes are facilitated by the use of processes, which in fact took a few decades to 10 times longer. A mail arrives in a split second, a status update on Facebook betrays our current position instantly, our feeling, opinion, etc.. The digital world makes us partakers of all, opening plurality and democracy, Barber (2009) explains: The expansion of the plurality of voices in democracy can be understood as an extension of patronage of cultural consumption. What there is no point is continuing to design policies to understand what happens in Culture, of what happens in the masses, industry and mass media. There may be political aside, since what happens culturally to the masses is fundamental to democracy, if lademocracia still has something to do with the people. Technology has changed our lives completely, we have become dependent on it, sedentary, solitary (though not enough) and heavy users with a touch of addiction and need for belonging. To mention some disadvantages. The benefits are endless, business processes, bureaucratic procedures, have been streamlined intercom, facilitating the opening of online business and drive new business in bouquets as service and research. Its amazing how many online purchases are made per hour, thousands of them, contribute to the economy and employment generation worldwide. Something that seems important to stress, and is the most redeemable advantages of platforms like YouTube, Facebook or Twiiter is the power of public opinion and media negotiation they have achieved. Acts that open a new benchmark in terms of citizen participation, democratic choice, accountability and monitoring the government. The Arab Spring, the Movement # Soy132, outraged Wall Street, or the democratic process in Panama, Mexico and the U. S. Undoubtedly electronic media and new technologies are still beginning, we will not know if the current model that have started will continue, if the security increases. Important point to be taken to be members of a social network or a platform, be cautious and learn to live with the digital society. For the search, knowledge acquisition and compartment is all that matters. Scolari (2008 p.? ) Says: the user becomes the axis of communication processes, the content is the identity of the media, the media is the new language, real time is the dominant time, hypertext is knowledge of grammar and the new name of information And so droll concludes: In other words, remix culture, e! Samplingy logic cut and paste would be impossible without digitization In the case of Mexico, Octavio Islands a study published in the newspaper Excelsior in February 2009. Concluding that in Mexico: The websites most visited in Mexico are: 1. Google Mexico Two. Windows Live Three. Youtube April. Microsoft Network May. Yahoo! June. hi5 July. free market August. Google 9. Blogger 10. Facebook 11. RapidShare 12. Twitter 13. Wikipedia So we see that Mexicans are partakers of digital communication in the world, differing greatly developing countries. Communicative processes are becoming every day on the net. The only thing left is to use it for study, for the democratization of the same, without debauchery and authenticity, trying to propose and not detract. How we work communications specialists, to promote the proper use of these and understand where we are going but mostly we come from.

What Is It to Live in Time Observing Nature and Society in the Long Run of Time

Introduction Theoretical issues can be of primary importance for making certain decisions because theoretical ideas are implemented in practice. Observation of nature and society can clarify the issue of living in a certain period of time and experiences the processes that take place in natural environment, in society, and interact with other individuals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Is It to Live in Time: Observing Nature and Society in the Long Run of Time specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As some conclusions can be based on observations, it is necessary to consider the work by Engels and Marx that analyses the relationships between individuals in society in terms of their connections to each other and types of interactions; Freud focuses on the role of an individual in a society in terms of its relations to the civilization, and Darwin emphasizes the relations of individuals in terms of natural environm ent and other living species that inhabit the same territory. Examination of Sources The Communist Manifesto by Engels and Marx â€Å"A specter is haunting Europe — the specter of communism† (Marx and Engels, Preamble). The first statement of the manifesto identifies the relation of people towards the period of time they live in and characterizes the relations between people. As communism is described as specter, people are either unaware or afraid of it. However, the next passage clarifies the issue and analyzes that people were aware of communism but did not know exactly the peculiarities of regime and its consequences for the world. So, one of the prominent features of this work can be considered an idea of observation enlarged on while writing. For instance, the author described the ways of production and their adjustment to the needs of contemporary people hence thinking about changes that should be made in every situation when time comes, some time is necessary t o see the necessity of changes and take appropriate steps: â€Å"The feudal system of industry, in which industrial production was monopolised by closed guilds, now no longer sufficed for the growing wants of the new markets† (Marx and Engels, Chapter 1, para. 7). Thus, the author analyzes the actions of people and relations between different classes in society by observing the history and inferring from events that happen all the time. Repetition of events is the main concept that can be emphasized from Marx’s observation of society in a long period of time. Civilization and Its Discontents by Freud People need those ‘regulations which adjust the mutual relationships of human beings in the family, the state and society† (Freud 59). This is one of the examples that demonstrate how the author used observation of nature and society to infer from things he saw. The work is aimed at analysis and interpretation of the major reasons and preconditions for creation or appearance of civilizations.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Freud noticed that all individuals have something in common and that every period of time can be marked with certain peculiar features that can be tips for creation of civilizations though every change requires a lot of time. Moreover, he analyzed the events that took place in the era such as the World War I where all technological innovations were used and the nature of order: â€Å"The benefits of order are incontestable. It enables men to use space and time to the best advantage†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Freud 70). Freud tried to explain that time is the only concept that is important because people adjust to certain life situations after experiencing difficulties. On Natural Selection by Darwin Chares Darwin contributed greatly to the development of evolutionary theory and clarified some aspects of natural selecti on: â€Å"We behold the face of nature bright with gladness, we often see superabundance of food; we do not see, or we forget, that the birds which are idly singing round us mostly live on insects of seeds†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Darwin 1). In this respect, the whole concept of theories was built using the method of observation that enabled the author to see differences and similarities in certain areas of nature and society and analyze the importance of species, selection (that was mostly compared to breeding), and evolution. The author claims that nature can make more obvious changes in the look of species than do men by breeding because of time needed for greater differences: â€Å"†¦adding up in any given direction mere individual differences, so could Nature, but far more easily, from having incompatibly longer time at her disposal† (Darwin 22). In other words, Darwin could demonstrate every point and every concept of his theories, suggestions, and hypotheses using society and natural environment as examples because the structure of the natural societies such as prides, shoal, packs, and other groups is very similar to the structure existing in human society. A long period of time was necessary to infer from observing nature and society. Conclusion Different researchers used the method of observation to examine the world, its structure, and minor groups and concepts existing in it. Thus, Darwin was not the only to focus on the origin of species but one of the first to implement the analysis of species to human beings.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Is It to Live in Time: Observing Nature and Society in the Long Run of Time specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Freud analyzed the interactions between people as he saw the war and wanted to explore the reasons and peculiarities o individuals and civilizations. So, every observation needs a long period of time to make logical and ade quate conclusions concerning the nature and society and relations between these concepts. Works Cited Darwin, Charles. On Natural Selection. New York: Penguin, 2005. Print. Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and Its Discontents. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc., 2010. Print. Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels. Manifesto of the Communist Party. Marx/Engels Internet Archive 1987, 2000. Web. https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch01.htm. This essay on What Is It to Live in Time: Observing Nature and Society in the Long Run of Time was written and submitted by user Mason Ballard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Amendments

Amendment I (1791) Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Amendment II (1791) A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. Amendment III (1791) No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amendment IV (1791) The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Amendment V (1791) No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Amendment VI (1791) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with... Free Essays on Amendments Free Essays on Amendments Amendment I (1791) Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Amendment II (1791) A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. Amendment III (1791) No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amendment IV (1791) The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Amendment V (1791) No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Amendment VI (1791) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with...

Media Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media Management - Essay Example This essay stresses that rdio and television managers must share the same basic principles of responsible journalism as the people they hire in running their newsrooms. Regardless of how enthusiastic, well trained and forward thinking journalists may be, public affairs and news programming stand little chance of growth unless the motivation and expertise of airing something, with the exception of music, is nurtured at the management level. This paper makes a conclusion that inexperienced station managers may view maintenance of news as capital intensive and very risky politically and decide not to venture into it. Such managers must familiarize themselves with the numerous examples from other media houses in recent years where the risks have paid off well in terms of loyal audiences, favorable public perception and increased revenue. Managers should evaluate the skills of their newsroom in order to understand the qualities of good news and public affairs programs and also how to maximize advertisement sales due to the effect of local news programming. Media managers must also familiarize themselves with the basics of journalistic ethics because it is them who will the final arbiters and not journalists whenever there are accusations, disputes or ethical calls to be addressed. Media house management should acquaint themselves with key functions of media management such as ethics and law in broadcasting, technology and e ngineering, station promotion and identification and production and creativity. Others include sales principles, advertising and pricing, structure of a radio or TV station, and broadcast programming. Hierarchy of organizational communications needs Just like Maslow's hierarchy of human needs, there is also a hierarchy of organizational communications. The basic level of communication is the customer service that involves being available to execute communications on a responsive and professional basis, but not ordering anything more. This involves the media personnel just doing their job and has been compared to Maslow's physiological needs for food, shelter and water. From customer service, the level of communication goes up to 'media' where an appropriate range of media resources where the work is well produced and receives a high audience rating. This is a very secure and safe way of meeting the needs of the customers but does not add anything more. It is very much like Maslow's human safety need. Achieving the third level of communication requires a little more effort since media development becomes more goal-oriented because it defines the audience and the message and sets priorities to reach its communication objectives. This is the stage where communications becomes more proactive and the level of the work must be scaled down to the level of the

Recycler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Recycler - Essay Example Based on the importance of trees to our environment, and the little being done by the responsible entities to protect the trees, my friends and I have developed a recycling method. One of the greatest damages to trees involves their use in charcoal burning and for use of other posts such as fencing poles. In an urge to curb the damage of trees in charcoal burning and building posts, we have come up with an idea of recycling used plastics and polythene bags in order to make fencing posts out of them. Used plastics and polythene bags are matter that usually makes the environment dirty and finding an appropriate means of disposal that would protect the environment was the best alternative. After collection of the waste plastics and bags, we then subject them through a process of melting then pouring the melt into metal containers designed in different shapes and sizes depending on the purpose of the posts. Despite the fact that this has not eradicated the falling of trees for making posts, it has significantly reduced the damage done on trees and we project that in the next five years we shall have fully eradicated the

The Hot Zone by Richard Preston Essay Example for Free

The Hot Zone by Richard Preston Essay A proficient U S journalist and author of the 1994 bestseller The Hot Zone, A Terrifying True Story, Richard Preston’s creative capabilities revolve around alarming disease epidemics and bio- terrorism. The research by Preston for his 1992 New Yorker article, â€Å"Crisis in the Hot Zone† forms the basis of this non-fiction bio-thriller. The Hot Zone delineates a dramatic, chilling and realistic tale of an Ebola virus outbreak, which occurs in a monkey storage warehouse in a suburban Washington D. C. laboratory in 1989. In this laboratory, monkeys being used in scientific experiments quickly sicken and die due to a filovirus. It tells about an explosive chain of lethal transmissions begins far from Washington, D.C. laboratory and allows the lab to become a ‘hot zone’. Preston goes on meticulously about how these viruses work and the symptoms that appear in human beings. He traces the history of these viruses from their discovery and examines their first known index cases in detail. He also delves deeply into tales of previous lethal outbreaks in Africa out of these filoviruses. The Hot Zone employs a four fold structure. The first section of this non- fiction, â€Å"The Shadow of Mount Elgon† acts as the exposition of the story. It zeroes- in on the history of the infective agents and speculation about the origin of AIDS. The reader is introduced to the Marburg Virus, via people who have contracted it. This section narrates the story of Charles Monet who caught Marburg from Kitum Cave in Central Africa. It analyses in detail the progress of the disease, from the initial headache and backache, to the last stage in which Monet’s internal organs bleed out and fail in Nairobi hospital. The second part of the book entitled â€Å"The Monkey House† portrays the discovery of Ebola Reston Virus among imported monkeys in Reston, Virginia. This also includes tidbits on what steps have been taken to decontaminate the infected beings. The third section, â€Å"Smashdown† serves as the climax of the story. Here, the major characters like Major Nancy Jaax, Colonel Jerry Jaax, Dan Dalgard, Gene Johnson, and Colonel C J Peters etc must encounter the virus face- to-face in the monkey house. Some hair- raising events are there during the destruction of animals, like an escape of one monkey and failures in the protective suits worn by personnel. The fourth section, entitled â€Å"Kitum Cave†, signals the denouement of the story. Here Preston reflects on the origin and spread of AIDS. The Hot Zone highlights the impact of lethal viruses on human and animal population. The stars of the hot zone are these two viruses, Marburg and Ebola. These are considered to be ancient and their potential to eradicate huge masses is really high, as more and more humans encroach on the rain forest. There are well- establish cases in which Ebola and Marburg have been transmitted from captive monkeys to humans. Preston points out in The Hot Zone that these viruses have ‘jumped species’ from monkeys to humans at the time human activity is upsetting the habitat and survival of her primates. His first case history of Charles Monet exemplifies this. Charles Monet, a French expatriate working in a sugar plantation in Kenya, becomes mysteriously ill after visiting Kitum Cave. He experiences head aches and back aches for several days before spiking a fever and vomits huge amounts of blood with black specks. Finally the virus, Marburg completely devours him. In 1989, Ebola traveled to Reston, Virginia in a shipment of a hundred crab eating monkeys from the Philippines, imported by Hazleton Research products for medical and pharmaceutical research. The final irony is that one version of Ebola turned out not to be toxic in humans. The author also creates an effectual atmosphere of fear by showing that doctors, who are almost always viewed as being heroic, can so easily contract this virus. The Hot Zone is a Jurassic park with germs, not of dinosaurs. Here Preston constantly reminds of how tiny and how hazardous a virus is. The impact of Ebola or Marburg could destroy the entire planet if it got a grip. Within 24 hours, a virus could make its way out of Africa on a plane and into such places like London, Paris, or New York and then spread out to the rest of the world. The tiny HIV virus has already spread destruction throughout the human population of the globe, and this is a point the author drives home again and again. A very minute amount of contaminated blood is enough to infect a human with the Ebola virus, so those working in the Hot Zone must constantly be careful for the smallest little tear that might allow it into their space suits. Preston makes an effort to draw attention to the AIDS epidemic in this bio –thriller. The HIV virus was in reality just making its way into the human population about the time that Charles Monet contracted Marburg. It appears that the origins of Marburg and HIV are almost similar. Both seem to have originated in African monkeys, and they undergo genetic change and ‘jump’ into human beings. C.J. Peters spends some time comparing AIDS and Ebola, as well. In the last section of the novel, the author explains the idea that as humans capture and destroy more and more of the rain forests, they may discharge many more unidentified viruses. It is as if the viruses act as the forests immune system, which is truly ironic since HIV and AIDS destroy the human immune system. In the book, Preston emphasizes the potential of such a little beasts, that are only microns in size, to wipe out the human population of the planet. In fact, the strength and appeal of this book come from the fear evoked in the reader. The gruesome, horrific deaths of Charles Monet, Nurse Mayinga, and Peter Cardinal set the reader in tension and dread of what will happen if the virus at Reston jumps into the human population. The majority of The Hot Zone is written from the third-person omniscient point of view. The author is not simply composing characters thoughts and emotions. This book recounts a true story, and Richard Preston interviewed many people to learn directly from those involved. Therefore, the reason the author is able to be omniscient is because he has taken great pains to be accurate in his telling of the tale. If he describes someones internal reaction to an event, he is relating what that person told him. He is also careful to give credibility to everyones viewpoints in the cases where people have conflicting recollections of a sequence of events. There are a few places in which the point of view switches to first person. This is a result of the authors reporting on his interviews with the various people engaged in the crisis at Reston, as well as those involved in earlier Ebola outbreaks. This serves to remind the reader that the story is not a piece of fiction, and it also allows the author to tell portions of the story in the participants own words. There are multiple settings in the book because it spans a long period of time (1980 to 1993) and follows viruses all over the world. Much of the African portion of the story takes place in Kenya and Sudan, and the real centerpiece is Kitum Cave in Western Kenya. The story starts and ends there though under very different circumstances. On the international level, there are also references to the Marburg virus stint in Germany, and a monkey farm in the Philippines. Aside from these brief mentions, the true settings of the story are Africa and the United States. The fact that the potential Ebola outbreak is happening so near the capital of one of the most powerful nations on earth definitely adds to the tension of the story. The language used in The Hot Zone is very explanatory. The novel could easily have been a litany of medical terms and acronyms. It is a factual story involving science, medicine, government, and military. The author is concerned with drawing the reader into the story. He wants to generate such a vivid picture that it is sporadically quite upsetting. Richard Prestons capacity to write literature is also obvious. His use of imagery is very successful. By the time there is an outbreak in the monkey house, the reader has been thoroughly apprised of the terribly agonizing, fierce death that awaits anyone infected by the virus. Throughout the entire story, Preston amalgamates scientific perception with fictional writing. Works Cited Preston, Richard. The Hot Zone. New York: Anchor, 1995. Litsum.com Hot Zone Stuff. 2007. http://acaclassof2010studyguides.blogspot.com  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  \2007\09\litsumcom-hot-zone-stuff.html

Life of Pakistani Villagers :: Essays Papers

Life of Pakistani Villagers The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, a Muslim state, won its freedom from India in 1947. Sixty percent of its population lives in villages. Farmers or herders have jobs in nearby cities or towns. Traditional customs have a strong influence on the life in rural areas of Pakistan, e.g. men have more social freedom than women do. Women avoid contact with men outside their family, and they cover their faces with a veil in the presence of strangers. In the villages, family houses cluster tightly together along narrow alleys, sharing a tank or shallow pond for washing clothes and for watering vegetables and livestock. House walls are mostly built of mud, and they rise to meet thatched roofs. A typical home may have a few pieces of simple furniture with straw mats covering the bare earth floor. A few stone or brick houses shelter the wealthy landlords and merchants. Most of the villagers live in same-styled, mud houses and cooperate with each other in daily life. Pakistani villagers dress themselves very simply as compared to city people. The most common dress for both men and women is a 'Shalwar Kamiz,' which consists of loose trousers worn under a long overblouse. Women wear a 'Doppta' and strictly observe 'purdah' by hiding their faces and private parts of their bodies. Families within the houses are seldom composed of mother, father, and young children. The extended family is more customary in Pakistan. Sons bring their wives to their family home and rear their children there. The eldest father uses the joint earnings of the family members for their support. Farm families work in the fields, raise crops, and tend them. When the crops are ready, they harvest and sell them. During this entire period, women also help in the fields by seeding, watering, and tending the crops alongside the male members of the family. In the extended family, the eldest father supervises the outdoor work while the mother looks after the indoor work. The children help their parents run the house. Villagers normally eat very simple meals consisting of a vegetable curry, a gruel of parched grams or lentils eaten with a bread called 'Chapati' or 'Roti.' The women cook the food which they serve on trays set on the floor. Women eat separately after the male members of the family have taken their meal.

Hannin

Governmental and Nonprofit Accounting Nicole Tanner March 2, 2012 1-2. Five environmental differences between governments and for-profit business enterprises. 1. Organizational purposes – Commercial is to generate profit for its owners and government is for the well being of citizens. 2. Sources of Revenue – Business generate its income from sales. Government derives its income from taxes. 3. Potential for Longevity – Government rarely go out of business and Business longevity is determine by the need and success. 4.Relationship with Stakeholders – The government must show accountability for public funds and a business can use its resources as it deems appropriate. 5. Role of the Budget – Commercial it’s used for planning and control purposes, for government budgets carry the authority of law, preventing 1-3. Identify and briefly describe the three organizations that set standards for state and local governments, the federal government, and n ongovernmental not-for-profit organizations. 1. GASB set the accounting and financial reporting standards for state and local government in the US.GASB also set accounting and financial reporting standards for governmentally related not for profit organizations. 2. FASB set standards for profit seeking business and for nongovernmental not for profit organizations. 3. FASAB set the accounting and financial for the federal government. 1-4. What is the definition of a government as agreed upon by the FASB and GASB? Public corporations and bodies corporate and politic are governmental organizations. Other organizations are governmental organizations if they have one or more of the following characteristics. . Popular election of officers or appointment (or approval) of a controlling majority of the members of the organization’s governing body by officials of one or more state or local governments. 2. The potential for unilateral dissolution by a government with the net assets rev erting to a government. 3. The power to enact and enforce a tax levy. 1-5. Describe the â€Å"hierarchy of GAAP† for state and local governments, the federal government, and nongovernmental not-for-profit organizations. (See Illustration 1-2 come back to this) 1-8.GASB considers budgetary accounting and reporting to be important. List the principles outlined by GASB related to budgetary accounting and reporting. 1. An annual budget(s) should be adopted by every governmental unit. 2. The accounting system should provide the basis for appropriate budgetary control. 3. Comparisons should be included in the appropriate financial statements and schedules for governmental funds for which an annual budget has been adopted. 2-2. With regard to GASB rules for the financial reporting entity, answer the following: 1. Define the financial reporting entity.It is the primary government together with its component units. 2. Define and give an example of a primary government. Can be a state government, a general-purpose local government such as a city or county, or a special purpose government such as a school district. 3. Define and give an example of a component unit. Are legally separate organizations for which the elected officials of the primary government are financially accountable. 4. Define and describe the two methods of reporting the primary government and component units in the financial reporting entity. a.Primary Government -either appoints a voting majority of the governing body of the other organization or members of the primary government's governing body hold a majority of the seats of the other organization's board. Second, the relationship meets one of the following two criteria: a. The other organization provides either a financial burden or benefit to the primary government. b. The primary government can impose its will on the other organization. b. Component units – are legally separate organizations for which the elected officials of the primary government are financially accountable.In addition, a component unit can be an organization for which the nature and significance of its relationship with a primary government are such that exclusion would cause the reporting entity's financial statements to be misleading or incomplete. 2-3. With regard to the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR): 1. What are the three major sections? Introductory, Financial, and Statistical. 2. List the government-wide statements. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the government-wide statements. Basic Financial Statements Proprietary Funds Statements: Statement of Cash Flows.Governments use the accrual basis and the modified accrual basis of accounting. 3. List the governmental fund statements. i. General fund. This fund is used to account for general operations and activities not requiring the use of other funds. ii. Special revenue funds are required to account for the use of revenue earmarked by law for a particular purpose. State and federal fuel tax revenues require special revenue funds, because federal and state laws restrict these taxes to transportation uses. iii. Capital projects funds are used to account for the construction or acquisition of fixed assets[9], such as buildings, equipment and roads.Depending on its use, a fixed asset may instead be financed by a special revenue fund or a proprietary fund. iv. Debt service funds are used to account for money that will be used to pay the interest and principal of long-term debts. Bonds used by a government to finance major construction projects, to be paid by tax levies over a period of years, require a debt service fund to account for their repayment. v. Special assessment funds account for public infrastructure improvements financed by special levies against property holders. Sidewalk and alley repairs often rely on special assessments. 4.Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the governmental fu nd statements. It usually rely on a modified accrual basis. 5. List the proprietary fund statements. vi. Internal service funds are used for operations serving other funds or departments within a government on a cost-reimbursement basis. A printing shop, which takes orders for booklets and forms from other offices and is reimbursed for the cost of each order, would be a suitable application for an internal service fund. vii. Enterprise funds are used for services provided to the public on a user charge basis, similar to the operation of a commercial enterprise.Water and sewage utilities are common examples of government enterprises. 5. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the proprietary fund statements. i. Proprietary funds, used for business-like activities, usually operate on an accrual basis. Governmental accountants sometimes refer to the accrual basis as â€Å"full accrual† to distinguish it from modified accrual basis accounting. 6. List the fiduciary fund statements. Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Assets and Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Assets. 7.Describe the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the fiduciary fund statements. The accounting basis applied to fiduciary funds depends upon the needs of a specific fund. If the trust involves a business-like operation, accrual basis accounting would be appropriate to show the fund's profitability. Accrual basis is also appropriate for trust funds using interest and dividends from invested principle amounts to pay for supported programs, because the profitability of those investments would be important. 8. Outline the reports and schedules to be reported as required supplementary information.Come Back To 2-4. Describe the test for determining whether a governmental fund is a major fund. The General Fund is always considered a major fund. Other governmental funds are considered major when both of the following conditions exist: (a) total assets, l iabilities, revenues, or expenditures of that individual governmental fund constitute 10 percent of the total for the governmental funds category, and (b) total assets, liabilities, revenues, or expenditures of that individual governmental or enterprise fund are 5 percent of the total of the governmental and enterprise categories, combined. 2-10. Not sure

Shaka s Legacy Of The Zulu Nation - 2106 Words

Shaka kaSenzangakhona was born in 1787 to a Zulu chief, Senzangakhona, and an orphaned princess from the small Elangeni clan, Nandi. A man born out of wedlock managed to turn a small insignificant chiefdom who labelled themselves as â€Å"people of the Heavens† into a formidable force to be reckoned with even till this day. The Zulu nation and its people owe lot to Shaka the Great, he built a nation whose numbers were few than two thousands and who neither powerful they were mere sheep. With the introduction of Shaka the Great, Dingiswayo vision of having a united nation of all Ngnui speaking people was possible. However the growth of the Zulu nation has to be attributed to Shaka military organisation that incorporated regiments from defeated tribes and in return those tribes pledged their support and loyalty to his ever growing empire and did not suffer attacks provide they paid homage. This system was used by the Roman conquerors, however with Shaka the Great the notation o f bloodshed and tyrant, dictator, despoiler, destroyer, murderer, savage, barbarian made famous by Hollywood and early white settlers and European historians who had an ignorant view on Africa and could not possibly believe that a black man could match up to leaders such as Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Attila the Hun, Napoleon and could have a significant impact on our world we live in today. The image of Shaka the Great as man who loved the thirst of blood and lived for destruction is misguide, it isShow MoreRelated Critique of A Biography of the Continent Africa by John Reader1775 Words   |  8 Pagesat the Cape in 1605 which produced a clash in land-use strategies with the indigenous people this and other conflicts between whites and blacks of Africa continue today. The conflicts are not just of race between the whites and blacks. The great Zulu (Shaka) tribes and their â€Å"black on black† violence, brought a major depopulation of the interior regions. This â€Å"black on black† violence was the image that suited the white minority separatists and the ideologies of South African very well. This grew to